Due to the need for insulation inside the motor, water cooling can only dissipate heat in the water jacket on the outer wall of the motor shell; because of its good insulation, oil cooling can directly contact and dissipate heat inside the motor, which is more effective, so it has become the first choice for drive motor heat dissipation.
With the development of electric drive systems towards high speed, high power, flat wire and all-in-one, the demand for single-machine heat dissipation of motors has increased rapidly, and the development trend of system integration has limited the path of accelerating heat dissipation through the outer surface. Oil-cooled motors have become the direction of technical evolution with their advantages of high cooling efficiency, high insulation and small size.
Compared with round wires, flat wire motors have advantages in efficiency, power density, heat dissipation, volume and weight. Due to the large gap between flat copper wires, cooling oil can easily penetrate into the end of the flat wire winding, taking away the heat of the middle layer conductor, which complements the advantages of oil cooling and promotes the penetration of oil cooling applications. Considering factors such as lightweight, cost reduction, and efficiency improvement, automakers and electric drive manufacturers have accelerated the evolution of drive motors, motor controllers, and reducers to "three-in-one" or "multi-in-one" drive assemblies. The rapid development of "multi-in-one" electric drive systems and high-voltage vehicles has increased the demand for heat dissipation, and oil cooling with higher heat dissipation efficiency is more suitable.
| Water pumps | Electronic water pumps | |
| Drive mode | Engine | Motor (mainly DC brushless) |
| Advantages | Simple structure, large displacement |
Small size, light weight, high reliability, no noise, long service life; The cooling effect can be precisely controlled, the machine can be warmed up quickly, the liquid flow rate is low, and fuel consumption power is saved.
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| Disadvantages |
Proportional to the engine speed, limited by the engine working conditions
|
Requires motors and reliable motor controllers to be developed, and the cost is relatively high.
|
| Applications |
Low- and medium-end fuel vehicles, generally fuel vehicles are equipped with 1 mechanical water pump,
|
High-end fuel vehicles and hybrid vehicles, pure electric vehicles. Generally, mid-to-high-end fuel vehicles are equipped with 1 electronic water pump, plug-in hybrid vehicles are equipped with 3-4 electronic water pumps, and pure electric vehicles are equipped with 2-3 electronic water pumps.
|
| Electronic water pumps | Electronic oil pumps | |
| Principle | The heat of the heating device is dissipated through the air and water pipes without contacting the cooling medium |
The cooling medium is directly sprayed on the heating device (stator, rotor and reducer).
|
| Advantages | Simplified cooling circuit, low cost |
1. Direct cooling of the stator and rotor, fast cooling speed. 2. Can be integrated with the hybrid transmission cooling oil circuit.
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| Disadvantages | The heat generated by the motor stator and rotor is indirectly transferred to the water circuit, and the heat transfer rate is slow, which limits the high speed and high load of the motor. |
1. It is necessary to add a separate oil circuit and a water-oil heat exchanger to achieve heat dissipation, which increases the cost
2. The viscosity of the oil is large, and the power of the oil pump is higher under the same flow demand. |
| Application scenario |
1. Speed 16000rpm the following electric drive cooling circuit. 2. Cooling circuit for high-voltage power electronics. 3. Water-heated PTC heating circuit. 4. Water circuit associated with heat pump. |
1. Cooling circuit for motors with speeds above 16,000 rpm. 2. Cooling circuit for pure electric motors and gearboxes with two-stage reducers. 3. Integrated cooling circuit for hybrid gearboxes and motors. |
The increase in the complexity of thermal management of new energy vehicles has led to an increase in the use of water pumps per vehicle, and the technical upgrade from mechanical pumps to electronic pumps has led to an increase in the unit price of water pumps. Compared with fuel vehicles, there is generally one single electric drive, two dual electric drives, and now there are some with four electric drives, which requires four electronic oil pumps. The number of oil pumps used in hybrid gearboxes will be more, because there is also an oil pump in the traditional engine. Therefore, if the subsequent hybrid volume is relatively fast, the demand for electronic oil pumps will also be greatly increased.
According to the development trend and forecast of new energy vehicles, the electronic pump market is expected to reach a scale of tens of billions in the next five years. The electronic water pump market has moved from the previous "weak, small, and scattered" situation to large-scale production, and the TOP5 brands account for more than 60% of the market. Future development opportunities will mainly focus on the new application markets of high-power electronic water pumps and electronic oil pumps.
Ningbo Nide Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd., was established in 2010, committing to provide customers with highly automated, intelligent, and flexible motor manufacturing solutions, and focusing on the production line of stator, rotor and final assembly of various motors.
Contact Person: Mr. Herbert
Tel: 0086-15067409300
Fax: 00-86-057487295637
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